Improvement in fertilizers



2 Sheets--Sheet l.

H. A. P. LISSAGAHAY. Fertilizers.

NO.\52,389. Patentedlune 23,1874.

2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

H. A. P. LISS'AGARAY,

Fertilizers.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRI A. I. LISSAGARAY, OF PANTIN, NEAR PARIS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN FERTILIZERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 152,389, dated June 23, 1874; application tiled April 1, 1874.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRI ANTOINE PRos- PEE LIssAeARAY, of Pantin, near Paris, Department de Seine, Republic of France, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Manures, and in the apparatus employed therein, of which the following is a specification My invention consists, first, in an improved process for converting blood from slaughter-- houses into a fertilizing agent, whereby such blood is solidified and rendered imputrescible without destroying its assimilatin g properties, as well as retaining the nitrogenous properties contained in such blood when in its natural state; and, secondly, my invention relates to the construction of an apparatus particularly applicable to the manufacture of such fertilizers, as well as other artificial fertilizers.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe, iirst, the process by means of which the blood is rendered imputrescible when in contact with atmospheric air, and capable of being used as a manure Without destroying its nitrogenous Y properties.

The blood is first mixed with a chemical compound or soluble salt, such as an alkaline sulphite, or an alkaline bisulphite, or a sulphite having an alkaline earth base, or else chlorate of lime or any of the hypochlortes,

in such manner that when the blood so mixed Y and subsequently treated with sulphuric acid, or chloridic acid, or one of the compounds, such as sulphite of aluminum or sulphite of iron, a reaction between the molecules of the whole mass is the constituent element of such chemicals, such as sulphurous acid or chlorine, and pro-V ducing thereby the following results: First, the complete and thorough coagulation of the blood so treated; secondly, its imputrescibility from contact with atmospheric air or influences without deteriorating the properties contained in the blood so treated, and producing, after desiccation, either in a pulverized state or in forming the same into cakes, a strong powerful manure, easily assimilated, and capable of being shipped to any desired point without produced, thereby liberating `a plan, of my improved apparatus.

A is a pump, by means ot' which the blood is pumped into a sheet-iron tank or reservoir, D, through a feed-pipe, B. The reservoir D is provided with a movable lid, D1, having a handle, D2, and a suitable opening for the pas` sage of the feed-pipe B.

The tank D is further provided with a glass gage, E, by means of which the level of the blood in the tank may at any time be ascertained.

F is a large stopcock, by means of which the tank is emptied when the same is to be cleaned, and to that elI'ect the bottom of the tank D is constructed so as to incline from all sides toward the center, as indicated by dotted lines, Fig. 1, where the into the exit-pipe is formed.

Gr is the frame upon which the tank or reservoir D rests, venient manner. II is the delivery-pipe, provided with a regulating-cock, I, and this delivery-pipe H delivers the blood into an intermediate tank, L.

'.Ihe regulating-cock I is controlled by a cy lindrical copper float, K, in the intermediate tank, L, which is connected to such regulating-cock I in such manner that the deliverv ofthe blood from the tank D into the tank L is gradually cut oft' as the iioat rises, and entirely so Whenever the oatK reaches a certain level. (Indicated by dotted lines in the drawings.)

O is the distributing-tank, also constructed of iron, and provided with a movable cover, P, having a handle, P. The tank O is further provided with a glass gage, by means of opening leading and is constructed in any con-- which the level otA the blood in each tank O is ascertained a-t all times.

The reservoir O is connected with the tank 4 L by means of a pipe, M, provided with a pipe It may be stopped when desired, in order not to disturb the position of the regulating-cock S, after such iiow has once been ascertained ,empirically by means ot' such regulating` cock S or when it becomes necessary to replenish the tank O after the blood contained therein has been exhausted. U is a lead pipe, 011e end of which is affixed over the lower end of the delivery-pipe It, the other end of which enters into a dripboard made of lead, upon which the mixing ot' the blood with the acids is accomplished, as hereinafter more fully explained.

a is a carboy or other suitable vessel for the reception of the sulphuric acid, which I,

by preference, use of 660 Baume. b is a glass siphon, by means of which the carboy a and reservoir d are connected together.

The reservoir d is, by preferei'lce, made of lead, and is provided with amovable cover, c, also oflead, such cover havin gahandle, c', affixed thereto, and a suitable opening formed therein for the passage of the siphon b. rEhe reservoir d is further provided with a` glass gage, e,'by means ot' which the quantity otl sulphuric acid contained in such reservoir can be ascertained at any time. g is a table or other suitable device for the support of the carboy a and reservoir d. 7l is a delivery-lupo,,through which the su'- phuric acid iiows into the l receiving-tank l. This delivery-pipe IL is provided with a suitable cock, Q', for regulating the deliveryr of the sulphuric acid from the reservoir d to the receiving-tank l, and this cock t' is actuated and governed by the spherical glass float 7a in the receiving-tank I, such glass tloat k completely cutting off the flow when the sulphuric acid is at a certain level (indicated by dotted lines in the drawings) in the secondary tank l.

rlhe receiving-tank Z is connected to a distributing-cylinder, o, made also of lead, by means of a lead pipe, m, such lead pipe m being provided with a regulating-cock, a, made ot' stoneware or other suitable material, by means of which cock a the flow of sulphuric acid from the receiving-tank Zto the distributing-cylinder o is regulatedat will, or cut off entirely when desired.

The distributing-tank o is provided with a suitable cover, p, `and a glass gage, q, by means of which gage q the quantity of sulphuric acid contained in such distributingtank o may be ascertained at any time.

r is al delivery-pipe, passing from the distributing-tank o through and onto the dripboard V, and by means of which the acid is delivered in regulated quantities with a continuous ilow onto such drip or mixing board or plate V. The delivery-pipe?1 is also provided, like the delivery-pipe U, witha regulating-cock, s, of stoneware or similar material, by means ot' which the quant-ity of sulphuric acid to be delivered is empirically determined, and when once determined remains in the given position 5 and in order that this determined position may not be disturbed, the delivery-pipe i' is further provided with a cock, t, also oi' stoneware or similar material, by means ot' which stop-cock t the ow of sulphuric acid is cut oft' when it is desired to replenish the reservoir by substituting a iilled carboy in place of thc empty one.

The operation of my apparatus is as follows: rlhe blood is dumped, as it arrivesv from the slaughter-houses, into a suitablereservoir provided with a sheet-iron, wire-cloth, or other suitable strainer or i'llter, by means of which all foreign matter is separated from ythe blood. `From this reservoir theeblood is pumped by a pump, A, into ata-nk orreservoir, D,and therein. such blood is iirst treated as follows: To two hundred pounds of blood I yadd about two pounds of sulphite of soda, or an alkaline bisulphite, or a sulphite having an alkaline earth base, or chlorite of lime, orl any of the hypochlorites, in such manner that by the addition of a mineral acid, as hereinafter explained, one of the constituent elements ot' the above-named chemicals is liberated, such as sulphurous acid or chlorine, and by the liberation of such elements producing a reaction in all the molecules of the mass, thereby obtaining the following results: First, complete coagulation of the solid particles contained in the blood, secondly, the imputrescibility from exposure to atmospheric or other influences of the coagulated matter obtained. From the reservoir D the blood, after having been thoroughly mixed with either of the above chemicals, in or about in the proportions named, is allowed to tlow into a second or receiving tank, L, througha delivery-pipe, H, thev ilow'of blood to such vreceiving-tank L bcing'controlled and regulated by means ot a oat, K, connected to a regulatingcock, I, as above described. From -this receiving-tank Lthe blood is transferred into a third or `distributing tank, O, through pipe M. Such pipe M is provided with a regulating-cock, N, for regulating the delivery of the blood from tank L to tank O. The reservoir D, as well as the distributing-tank O, are provided with glass gages, so as to enable the attendant to ascertain the amount of blood contained in each tank. The distributing-tank O is provided with a delivery-pipe, R, such pipe R having a regulating-cock, S, on its horizontal portion, by means of which the delivery is regulated by experiment, in order to ascertain the quantities of blood to be delivered in conjunction with the quantities ot' acid to be mixed with such blood upon its reaching the drip or mixing board or plate, as hereinafter more fully explained.

Vhen the quantity of blood to be delivered is once ascertained the regulating-cock S re mains in the given position, and in order that that position may not be changed when it bccomes. necessary from any cause to stop the iiow of blood, the delivery-pipe It is further provided with a stop-cock, T, by means otl which the flow of blood may be cut ott at any time.

The deliver Y-pipe R is provided, at its lower end, with a lea'd pipe, U, such lead pipe U traversing through and onto the drip or mixing board or plate V.

lhe acid to be mixed with theblood, in order to produce the reaction between the particles, as well as the coagulation and the iniputrescibility of the coagulated mass, is introduced into the reservoir d by means ofa glass siphon, b, direct from the carboy a, containing sulphuric or chloridic acid, or such compounds as sulphite ot' aluminum or sulphite of iron. A

. The reservoir d is provided with a deliverypipe, 7L, through which the acid ows into the receiving-tank l. Such delivery-pipe hI is provided with a regulating-cock, Q', controlled and regulated by a float, k, in the receiving-tank l, by means of which the quantity of acid to be delivered is controlled from the receivingtank l. rIhe acid is conducted, by pipe m, into the distributing-tank 0, and the pipe mis provided with a regulating-cock, a, so as to regulate the ilow of the acid from the tank l to the tank 0. The tanks cland o are a-lso provided with ga ges, by means of which the quantity of acid contained therein is ascertained at all times.

t yFrom the distributing-tank O the acid ows through a delivery-pipe, o', provided, like pipe R, with a regulating-cock, s, by means ot' which the quantity of acid to be delivered is ascer-` tained empirically, and, when once ascertained, the regulating cock s remains in the given position, andwhen it is desired to cnt ott' t-he supply of acid the stop-cock t is used as in pipe R.

The acid,like the blood, is delivered by pipes TR U, simultaneously and continuously, as well as in regulated quantities, upon the drip board or plate V, when the two mix together, and the blood, previously treated as specified, coming in contact with -the acid, the libera-tion of one of the constituent elements of the snlphite or alkaline bisulphite, &c., coagulates such blood, and, at the same time, renders it imputrescible.

The coagulated blood is received as it falls from the drip-board by a strainer ot' any suitable material, and the eoagulated mass may then be dried and pulverized, or else pressed into cakes, or may be kept in any other convenient manner for use and shipment.

The tanks D 0 l 0 are provided with suitable covers, as shown, and by varying the sizes ofthe distributingtanks o any quantity of acid may be delivered.

One ot' the principal advantages of my apparatus consists in its combinations by means ot' which both the blood and acid are delivered in a continuous stream and in regulated quantities, thereby causing a regular unchanging result.

By preference, I regulate the ow in such mann er as to deliver from two to six pounds, or thereabout, .of sulphuric acid, ot' (i60 Baume, to every two hundred pounds otl blood previously treated in tank or reservoir D, as cX- plained.

Having thus described my invention, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact quantities speciled of the chemicals employed, as they may be varied according to circumstances, nor do I'contine myself to the exclusive use of the above-described apparatus in the treatment and con'- version ot' blood, as other chemical fertilizers may be treated thereby; but

What I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The process ot' converting blood intoan imputrescible fertilizer by treating such blood with an alkaline sulphite, or its equivalent, and subjectingthe blood so treated to the ac tion of 'sulphuric acid, or its equivalent, by mixing' such blood with the acid in constant and regulated quantities, substantially as specitied.

2. The tank D, in combination with the pipe H, tank L, tloat K, regulating-cock I, pipe M, regulating-cock N, tank O, pipes It U, regulating-cock S, stop-cock T, and drip or mixing board or plate V, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

The receptacle a, reservoir d, connected together by the siphon b, in combination with pipe h, reservoir or tank l, tloat k, regulatingcock fc', pipe m, regulating-cock a, distributing-V tank o, pipe r, regulatingcock s, stop-cock t, and a drip or mixing board or plate, V, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. rlhe tanks D L O, connected together as described, and the pipes It U, incombination with the tanks el l o, connected ,together as described, pipe r, and a drip or mixing board or plate, V, when arranged, constructed, and operating in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

HENRI ANTOINE PROSIER LISSAGARAY.

Vitnesscs CH. F. THIRION, FRIDIRIC WEIL. 

